A resource by Jayne Cravens
  via coyotecommunications.com & coyoteboard.com (same web site)

two primitive figures seeming to argue over what they are reading on smartphones

Section 11:

Resources from other organizations
regarding preventing &
addressing misinformation



Updated February 16, 2020

This page is part of a 11-part guide on preventing folklore, rumors (or rumours), urban myths and organized misinformation campaigns from interfering with development & aid/relief efforts, and government initiatives regarding public health, the environment, etc. It is not a stand-alone page. It should be read as part of the entire guide. This is the link to the introduction and index for the other pages in this guide.

More Resources

If a URL no longer works, try searching for the title on Google, or look at the source code for this page and cut and paste the desired URL into Archive.org
(if a URL no longer works, try searching for the title on Google, or look at the source code for this page and cut and paste the desired URL into Archive.org)

Also see:

A website that verifies or dispels some of the Internet’s most pervasive rumors about ANY subject: Emergent.info, founded by researcher Craig Silverman of Columbia University’s Tow Center for Digital Journalism. "It presents real rumors and real data about them in a visual format that hopefully helps communicate how a given claim is evolving, and whether media reports confirm, deny or merely report the claim. After enough evidence emerges one way or another, we mark the claim as either true or false."

Verification Handbook: A Definitive Guide to Verifying Digital Content for Emergency Coverage "In a crisis situation, social networks are overloaded with situational updates, calls for relief, reports of new developments, and rescue information. Reporting the right information is often critical in shaping responses from the public and relief workers; it can literally be a matter of life or death." Authored by journalists from the BBC, Storyful, ABC, Digital First Media, and other verification experts, this is a resource for journalists and aid providers that offers tools, techniques, and step-by-step guidelines for how to deal with user-generated content (UGC) during emergencies. Noting that rumours and misinformation can cause people to invent and repeat questionable information in emergency situations due to uncertainty and anxiety - now amplified due to new technology like social media - the resource provides best practice advice on how to verify and use information provided by the crowd, as well as actionable advice to facilitate disaster preparedness in newsrooms. Case studies are included; for example: "Separating Rumor From Fact in a Nigerian Conflict Zone".

Towards Polio Communication Indicators: A Discussion Document, February 2008 from The Communication Initiative (scroll down the page to download the document; the summary doesn't really capture the important points of this document, IMO).

The Debunking Handbook, a guide to debunking myths, by John Cook and Stephan Lewandowsky. This is a summary of various research literature, offering practical guidelines on the most effective ways of reducing the influence of misinformation. The Handbook will be available as a free, downloadable PDF at the end of its 6-part blog series (which is still underway as of November 2011).

Logical Fallacies and the Art of Debate. This is actually a web page for competitive debaters. But its explanation of logical fallacies is the best I've found anywhere, and those ways of arguing a point are something public health educators and other communicators should understand!

Building Trust in Media in South East Europe and Turkey. Together with partners and with financial support from the European Union, this UNESCO project "seeks to strengthen freedom of expression, access to information, free, independent and pluralistic media, ensuring that journalists and media are key drivers for democratic, sustainable and peaceful development in the region." The project is being implemented in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey, as well as in Kosovo. The project is focused on (1) Reinforcing national media accountability mechanisms, (2) Increasing media internal governance and (3) Strengthening Media and Information Literacy. The project is meant to last 1 January 2016 through 31 December 2018 - if the website disappears, type the URL into archive.org. The tag used on social media for this initiative is #TrustinMediaSEE. Associated Twitter accounts are @MILCLICKS and @MILCLICKSsee.

WikiWash, a more attractive interface to the revision history feature of Wikipedia. News events are often recorded quite quickly in Wikipedia articles, but these rapid edits can be a source of bias or spin if not scrutinized. WikiWash allows easy WYSIWIG browsing of recent edits to any article to make such scrutiny easier.

Rumor Psychology: Social and Organizational Approaches by Nicholas DiFonzo. The contributing authors "investigate how rumours start and spread, the accuracy of different types of rumour, and how rumours can be controlled, particularly given their propagation across media outlets and within organisations." I confess I haven't read this, but based on what is summarized online, I can't imagine it isn't a good resource for further exploring this issue.

"Rumors and Realities: Making Sense of HIV/AIDS Conspiracy Narratives and Contemporary Legends". By Jacob Heller. American Journal of Public Health: January 2015, Vol. 105, No. 1, pp. e43-e50. I confess I haven't read this, as it is behind a pay wall, but the abstract indicates it is a good resource for further exploring this issue.

Rumor Mills: The Social Impact of Rumor and Legend (Social Problems and Social Issues), a book edited by by Chip Heath, Veronique Campion-Vincent, and Gary A. Fin, includes this chapter: "How Rumor Begets Rumor: Collective Memory, Ethnic Conflict, and Reproductive Rumors in Cameroon." Again, I confess I haven't read this, but based on what is summarized online, I can't imagine it isn't a good resource for further exploring this issue.

Lesson plan about recognizing fake news. It's from KQED, a public radio and TV station in the San Francisco, California area. "Students will analyze the problems and potential consequences associated with the spread of fake news." and "Students will identify and evaluate ways to avoid fake news in social and academic settings. "

Doctors have decades of experience fighting “fake news.” Here’s how they win. Some lessons from the health community’s long battle with misinformation. Terrific, very practical advice, with examples of where it's worked. 

What I'm also wondering: are their any efforts in developing and transitional countries similar to the myth-busting Straight Dope column by Cecil Adams in the USA? Or truthorfiction.com? Or hoax-slayer.com? Or MythBusters? Or Adam Ruins Everything? If you know of such, please contact me.

Even more reading

Wikipedia actually has some good pages that provide an overview of these and related subjects:

Back to the first page of this resource on preventing misinformation from interfering with development and aid initiatives.

Back to my development resources main page.

 
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